Historically it certainly was in the crossroads between east and west being part of the Silk Road -

It's history goes back thousands of years -

Thus its architecture and customs/traditions have a mix with the present that is fascinating - A travelers delight with much to see and experience - Ashgabat is the Capital - Turkmenbashi is the landing port for ferries from Azerbaijan -

The country is certainly unspoiled by tourism - Thus you will see the real country and its people - A wonderful experience - Enjoy your trip - :-) -
.
Bookings Specific to Turkmenistan - Ashgabad Airport Code = ASB -
- - Airfares to/from Ashgabat/Central Asia Discounted -
- - Travel Vacations/Packages Locally -
Related Information Specific to Turkmenistan:
-- Local Hiking -- Local Camping --

Related Destinations Bordering Turkmenistan -
-- Kazakhstan -- Uzbekistan -- Afghanistan -- Iran -- Azerbaijan -

-- Central Asia - Kazakhstan -  Kyrgyzstan - Tajikistan - Turkmenistan - Uzbekistan -
.
-- 400+ Worldwide Travel Destinations -

Translations:
Translate = http://www.google.com/language_tools -- Translate = http://babelfish.altavista.com/ -- Translate = http://www.systransoft.com/ -- Translate = http://www.free-translator.com/ - Translate = http://www.majstro.com/ - Translate = http://www.immigration-usa.com/translators.html -
-- Dictionary = http://www.yourdictionary.com/ -
.
The order of information on this web page:
1. Embassies/Consulates/Tourist Offices in and outside Turkmenistan - Travel Advisories - Visa Requirements - Customs - Shot Requirements - Medical Advisory
2. Cities/Regions - Telephone Use - Long Distance To/From Turkmenistan -
3. Turkmenistan General Information Web Sites -
4. Jet Lag - Transportation To/From and Within Turkmenistan -
5. Tour Operators / Travel Agents in the Turkmenistan -
6. Currency - Translation Dictionaries - Languages - Study - Volunteer - Credit Cards - Time in Turkmenistan - Weather - Climate - Maps -
Flag - Newspapers - Magazines - Genealogy -
7. Packing Checklist/Packing Lite - Hotels - Apartments - Home Stays -
8. Sightseeing/Attractions - Horses - Museums - Food/Restaurants - Food/Cuisine - Shopping/Customs - Reserves - Hiking/Walking/Climbing - Cyber Cafe -
 

1. Embassies/Consulates/Tourist Offices in and outside Turkmenistan - Travel Advisories -Visa Requirements - Customs - Shot Requirements - Medical Advisory
 

Embassies Worldwide -
-- http://www.escapeartist.com/embassy1/embassy1.htm -
-- http://www.embassyworld.com/embassy/directory.htm -
-- http://www.embassiesabroad.com/ -

Travel Information and Advisory Reports -
-- By Canada - http://www.voyage.gc.ca/ -
-- By USA - http://travel.state.gov/ -
-- By England/Britain - http://www.fco.gov.uk/ -
-- Australia - http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/ -

Tourist Offices in and outside Turkmenistan:
-- http://www.towd.com/ -

Visa Requirements:
-- Contact Each Countries Travel Agents Listed on This Page:
-- http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/ -
-- See Tour Operators / Travel Agents in the Turkmenistan for Letters of Invitation-

Medical Advisory:
-- http://www.cdc.gov/travel/ - all countries of the world - what to look out for - what shots you need - how to prevent medical problems before you leave and while in the country -
-- http://healthlink.mcw.edu/travel-links.html - A ton of Travel/Medical Information - Something of interest here for everyone -
-- http://www.who.int/countries/ - Countries - Diseases and Risks - News - Articles - Tools - Products - Insurance -

Shot Requirements:
-- http://www.tripprep.com - Health and climate issues - shot requirements and health issues in over 200+ countries.
-- Centers for Desease Control and Prevention - Requirements and recommendations about vaccinations, and country-specific health information - http://www.cdc.gov/travel/ -
-- Travellers Medical And Vaccination Centre - Web Site:http://www.tmvc.com.au/- One of the largest providers of travel medicine services in the world, have designed a website to educate travellers on how to minimise health risks overseas -
-- MD Health - http://www.mdtravelhealth.com/ - Destinatioins - Infectious Deseases - Illness Prevention - Special Needs - Travel Health Clinics - Useful Links - Offline Resources - Email Health Alerts - Contact Us -

Jet Lag Cures -
-- National Sleep Foundation - http://www.sleepfoundation.org/activities/- not really jet lag -
-- http://www.nojetlag.com/- Jet lag - what is it? Jet lag - what causes it? Who gets jet lag? Techniques for reducing jet lag -
-- http://www.outsidein.co.uk/jetlag.htm - also click on " Do-it-Yourself Jet Lag calculator for your next journey " - 2/3rds down the page -

-- Packing Check List - /acc/checklst.htm- Before you go - Health care needs - Wash kit - Clothing - Some big basics - Miscellaneous - Extra Gear - Other -
-- Packing Lite - http://www.onebag.com/ - What to take - What to take it in - How to pack it -
-- Packing for a Trip -http://webfoot.com/travel/tips/pack.take.html - The number-one rule in  packing for a trip, unless you have hired several football players to carry your gear for you, is to pack lightly. Many good tips.
-- What To Pack - http://www.backpackeurope.com/tips/packing/ - Packing Philosophy - Packing List - Clothes for travel in fall/winter - Clothes for travel in the spring/summer - Travel Necessities - Optional Stuff - Packing Tips - Special Packing Advice for Female Travelers -
 

2. Cities/Regions/ - Telephone Use - Long Distance To/From Turkmenistan -

Cities:
-- Alternative City Names - http://www.gazetteer.de/a/a_tm.htm -

Turkmenistan Cities:
-- Ashgabat - Aschabad: Capital - 2 Different Spellings - Population 500,000+ -
----- http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/central_asia/turkmenistan/ - Click on See -
-- Chardzhev - Cardzou - Charjou - Charjew - Turkmenabad - This is one City w/different names - Uzbekistan Border Crossing -
-- Merv:
----- http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/central_asia/turkmenistan/ - Click on See -
----- Ancient Merv - http://www.chaihana.com/album6.html -
----- Merv Project - http://www.geog.ucl.ac.uk/casa/merv.html -
-- Turkmenbashi - Krasnovodsk - This is one City w/different names -
----- http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/central_asia/turkmenistan/obt.htm - Caspian Sea Port - here you land by boat from Baku Azerbaijan -
----- http://ayan.iwarp.com/ - Click on Balkan Attractions -
-- Gonbad Kavoos -
----- http://www.gonbadkavoos.com/ - Watch city of Gonbad Kavoos Video Clips-
----- http://www.gonbadkavoos.net/- Same as above -
----- http://www.gonbad.net/ - Future site of the internet network of the city of the Gonbadkavoos -
-- Annau Ruins:
----- http://www.silkroad-hotels.com/destinations/turkmenistan.html -

Telephone Use -

Telephone Codes:
-- http://kropla.com/dialcode.htm -
-- http://www.construction-site.com/int_dial.htm - Plus time zone -
-- Country Dialing Codes:
----- http://dial-a-code.com/-
----- http://www.usemb-ashgabat.usia.co.at/index.html -  Click on Dialing Codes -
-- Current and Old Codes - http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/- Click on Tourism and Travel -

Long Distance To/From Turkmenistan:
-- http://www.embassyworld.com/directories/global_telephone.html - Select the Country You'll Be Calling From - Select the Country Calling To - This Site will give you the dialing numbers -

International Dialing Instructions - From A Specific Country To A Specific Country
http://www.aglobalworld.com/cgi-local/codes.pl- and From/To some Countries - w/instructions on how to dial the numbers -  Explains the Whys/Dos of International Dialing and has 2 pull-down's - One for the Country FROM which you want to Dial - 2nd pull-down is for the Country you want to  dial TO - the site then gives you the dialing instructions from that Country pairs -
 

3. Turkmenistan General Information Web Sites:

-- http://stantours.com/mn_link.html - Many Links w/Good Information -
-- http://www.chaihana.com/links.html - Huge amount of really good information and links -
-- http://valera.8m.com/ -Visa - Hotel - Tickets - Transportation -
-- http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/destinations/asia/turkmenistan/ - Introduction - Facts for the Traveler - When to Go - Events - Money & Costs - Attractions - Off the Beaten Track - Activities - History - Culture - Environment - Getting There & Away - Getting Around -
-- http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/ - General Information - History & Culture - Government & Politics - Business & Economy - Latest News - Tourism & Travel(Turkmenistan Airlines/flies to England and all over the Central Asian region - Turkmenistan travel agents, and important numbers - Museums in Ashgabat - Holidays in Turkmenistan - Health tips when traveling in Turkmenistan - Medical information and contact numbers in Turkmenistan - Hotels in Ashgabat ) - Visa Regulations - Contacts Directory -
-- http://www.turkmenistan.com/ - Great List of Links for = Flag - President - Map - History - CIA Country Facts - Department of Energy - Religion - Photos from Turkmenistan (Carpet 1 - Carpet 2 - Market - Folkloric Dress 1 - Folkloric Dress 2 - House - Plains 1 - Women at Work) - Home - Weather -
-- http://www.turkmens.com/ - Great Writers - Horses - Rugs & Carpets - Jewelry - Art - Folk Art - Music - Documents - Home Pages - Links - Comics - Shop - Network - Software - Museum -
-- http://www.silkroad-hotels.com/destinations/ - What To See - Where To Stay - How To Get There - Contacts - Kazakstan - Kyrgyzstan - Tajikistan - Turkmenistan - Uzbekistan -
-- http://www.tour-orient.com/ - Kazakstan - Kyrgyzstan - Tajikistan - Turkmenistan - Uzbekistan -
-- http://reenic.utexas.edu/ - Addresses and Directory Information - Agriculture - Area Studies - Business & Financial - Communication - Current News of Turkmenistan - Economics - Education - Energy - Environment - General Information - Geography & Maps - Geology - Government - Health and Medicine - Human Rights - Law - Libraries & Archives - Maps (Geography) - Reference Tools - Social Statistics - Transportation - Travel - Women's Issues -
-- UNESCO Sites - http://www.unesco.org/whc/heritage.htm - United Nations Protected Cultural Sites - TURKMENISTAN/State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv" -
-- http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/turkmenistan/index.shtml - Human Rights - Local Press - Maps, stats, and info - Arts and Culture - The Academy - Travel - Brief History - Government Departments and Agencies - Businesses - International Involvement U.N. and U.S. - Media - Environment - Public Health -
 

4. Jet Lag - Transportation To/From and Within Turkmenistan -

Jet Lag:
-- http://www.nojetlag.com/-  Jet lag - what is it? Jet lag - what causes it? Who gets jet lag? Techniques for reducing jet lag -
-- http://www.visiteurope.com/Guide01.htm - Click on Jet Lag -
-- http://www.outsidein.co.uk/jetlag.htm- also click on " Do-it-Yourself Jet Lag calculator for your next journey "  - 2/3rds down the page -
-- Jet Lag Cures - National Sleep Foundation - http://www.sleepfoundation.org/publications/travel.html-

Transportation To/From and Within Turkmenistan -
-- http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/destinations/asia/turkmenistan/ - Transport -
-- http://www.worldtravelguide.net/country/ - Click on Travel International - Travel Internal -

Airlines:

-- http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/travel/airline.html -
Aerosweet • Iranian Airlines • Lufthansa • Pakistani International Airlines • Turkish Airlines • Turkmenistan Airlines -

Airlines Flying To/From Turkmenistan:
-- Aeroflot - RU - SU - http://www.aeroflot.aero/ - Russia's Airline -
-- Iran Air - IR - http://www.iranair.com/ - Hamburg Germany - Göteborg Sweden - Many More in Europe - Baku Azerbaijan -
-- Lufthansa - LH - http://www.lufthansa.com/- Germany's Airline -
-- Pakistan International Airlines PIA - PK - http://www.piac.com.pk/ -
-- Turkish Airlines - TK - http://www.thy.com/ - Also called THY Turkish Airlines -
-- Turkmenistan Airlines - http://www.turkmenistanairlines.com/ -
-- Turkmenistan Airlines Schedules - T5 - http://www.stantours.com/tm_mn_t5.html -
 

5. Travel Agents / Tour Operators in the Turkmenistan -
 

6. Etiquette/Politeness - Currency - Translation Dictionaries - Languages - Study - Volunteer - Credit Cards - Time in Turkmenistan - Weather - Climate - Maps - Flag - Newspapers - Magazines - Genealogy -

Currency:
164 Currencies Converted in 4 languages - http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic - by far the most complete Currency site after reviewing 11 currency sites. Check it out and you'll be pleased as it converts both ways(your currency to another - another currency to yours) with just a click -

Translations:
Translate = http://www.google.com/language_tools -- Translate = http://babelfish.altavista.com/ -- Translate = http://www.systransoft.com/ -- Translate = http://www.free-translator.com/ - Translate = http://www.majstro.com/ - Translate = http://www.immigration-usa.com/translators.html -
-- Dictionary = http://www.yourdictionary.com/ -

Translation Dictionaries:
-- Language Resources - http://www.chaihana.com/ - Dictionary - Glossary -

Fonts - http://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/guides.html -

Languages:
-- Language Resources - http://www.chaihana.com/ - Dictionary - Glossary -

Volunteer:
-- http://www.peacecorps.gov/countries/asia.cfm - Turkmenistan = Overview - Country & Culture - Assignments - Related Resources - Regional Perspective - Volunteer Essays -

Credit Card/ATM Locations:

-- American Express - http://travel.americanexpress.com/travel/personal/resources/tso/- Offices Worldwide -
-- Visa -
----- http://www.visa.com/atms/ - Worldwide Locations -
-- Master Card - http://www.mastercard.com/atmlocator/index.jsp- ATM’s  Worldwide Locations -
-- Diners Club - http://www.dinersclub.com/ - Worldwide Offices -

Time in Turkmenistan:
-- Turkmenistan is 4 hours ahead of UK time (4 in summer) -
-- Turkmenistan is 9 hours ahead of New York time (9 in summer) -
-- http://www.worldtimeserver.com/country.asp -
-- http://www.timeticker.com/ - Lists Current Time and All Countries in that Time Zone -
-- http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ -

Time between Two Cities:
-- http://www.virtualtourist.com/vt/tt/1/ -
-- http://www.timezoneconverter.com/ -

World Time Zone Map - http://www.travel.com.hk/region/timezone.htm -

World Globe Time/Sunrise/Sunset - http://www.worldtime.com/ - World globe showing current world daylight and night darkness -

Weather:

-- http://www.customweather.com/ - 3 Day Forecast for Morning - Afternoon - Evening - Overnight -
-- http://www.weather.com/ - Enter City in Box for City - 3 Day and 10 Day Forecast -
-- http://www1.accuweather.com/ - Click on World Forecast - Choose country - then choice of many many cities -

Climate:

-- http://www.worldclimate.com/ -

Maps:
-- http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ -
-- http://www.worldatlas.com/ -
-- Can Order Maps - http://www.omnimap.com/ -

Newspapers:
-- Times of Central Asia - http://www.times.kg/ -
-- The Paper Boy - http://www.thepaperboy.com - Delivering the World's Best Newspapers
to Your Desktop -
-- News & Media Online - http://www.escapeartist.com/media/media.htm -

Genealogy:
-- http://www.search-beat.com/asiaroots.htm-
-- http://www.genealogy.com/- Huge list of sources and web  sites to contact -
-- http://www.rootsweb.com/-
-- Jewish Geneology - http://www.jewishgen.org/ -
 

7. Packing Checklist/Packing Lite - Accommodations - Hotels - Apartments - Home Stays -

Packing Checklist/Packing Lite:
-- Packing Check List - /acc/checklst.htm- Before you go - Health care needs - Wash kit - Clothing - Some big basics - Miscellaneous - Extra Gear - Other -
-- Packing Lite - http://www.onebag.com/ - What to take - What to take it in - How to pack it -
-- Packing for a Trip -http://webfoot.com/travel/tips/pack.take.html - The number-one rule in  packing for a trip, unless you have hired several football players to carry your gear for you, is to pack lightly. Many good tips.
-- What To Pack - http://www.backpackeurope.com/tips/packing/ - Packing Philosophy - Packing List - Clothes for travel in fall/winter - Clothes for travel in the spring/summer - Travel Necessities - Optional Stuff - Packing Tips - Special Packing Advice for Female Travelers -

Hotels: Also See Tour Operators / Travel Agents in the Turkmenistan -
-- http://valera.8m.com/hotel.htm - 2 hotels -
-- http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/ - Click on Tourism and Travel -
-- http://www.tourintel.ru/cities/e_tm_asb.html -
-- http://www.silkroad-hotels.com/hotels/turkmenistan.html -
-- http://www.ase.net/servlet/SearchCountry/455 -10 Cities -

Apartments:
-- See Tour Operators / Travel Agents in the Turkmenistan -

Home Stays:
-- See Tour Operators / Travel Agents in the Turkmenistan -
 

8. Sightseeing/Attractions - Horses - Museums - Food/Restaurants - Food/Cuisine - Shopping/Customs - Reserves - Hiking/Walking/Climbing - Cyber Cafes -

Sightseeing/Attractions:
-- UN World Heritage List - http://www.unesco.org/whc/heritage.htm - Turkmenistan - 1999 State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv" -
-- Turkmen Art - http://www.turkmens.com/Art.html -
-- http://www.silkroad-hotels.com/destinations/turkmenistan.html -
-- http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/turkmenistan/index.shtml - Click on Arts and Culture -

Horses:
-- Akhal Teke Horse - http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/turkmenistan/index.shtml - Click on Arts and Culture -
-- http://www.turkmens.com/ - Click on Horses -
-- Turanian Horse - http://www.turanianhorse.org/ -

Museums:
-- http://www.turkmens.com/Private.htm - Same as above = Artifacts - Jewelry - Non Silver and Gold - Paints - Embroidery and Knitted Articles - Rugs and Carpet - Gifts - Ceramics -
-- http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/ - Click on Tourism and Travel -
-- Folk Art - http://www.turkmens.com/folkart.html - Carpets too -

Shopping/Customs:
-- Turkmen Carpets Online - http://www.turkmenistan-online.com/ -
-- http://www.turkotek.com/index.html - Noncommercial site devoted to collectible weavings, where rug enthusiasts can connect -
-- Rugs and Carpets Described - http://www.turkmens.com/Carpet.html -
-- Jewelry Described - http://www.turkmens.com/Jewelry.html-
-- Art Described - http://www.turkmens.com/Art.html -

Reserves:
-- http://www.grida.no/enrin/biodiv/biodiv/national/turkmen/htmfiles/reserve.htm- Amudarya - Badkhyz - Kaplankyr - Kopetdag - Kugitang - Repetek - Suyunt-Khasardag - Khazar -
 

Turkmenistan travel vacations information on this page will enable the traveler what to do and see and which cities to visit - The country is in Central Asia - Part of Eurasia - Caspian Sea shores are on the west - It is  is bordered by Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Caspian Sea and Kazakhstan - Historically it certainly was in the crossroads between east and west being part of the Silk Road - It's history goes back thousands of years - Thus its architecture and customs/traditions have a mix with the present that is fascinating - A travelers delight with much to see and experience - Ashgabat is the Capital - Turkmenbashi is the landing port for ferries from Azerbaijan - The country is certainly unspoiled by tourism - Thus you will see the real country and its people - A wonderful experience - Enjoy your trip - :-) -
.